It is striking to read Elihu's reaction to Job and his friends (Job 32:2–3):
Then was kindled the anger of Elihu the son of Barachel, the Buzite, of the family of Ram: against Job was his anger kindled, because he justified himself rather than God; and against his three friends was his anger kindled, because they found no answer, and [yet] condemned Job.
Elihu's anger against Job's friends was because they "found no answer," but they continued to condemn Job. That's something that hasn't changed much since Job's time. There's no shortage of Christians willing to condemn a fellow believer, without the smallest regard to what Scripture says, or what the fellow believer says either.
Elihu's appraisal of Job isn't that much better: Job justified himself, rather than God. This is a theme that carries through the entire Old and New Testament, and down to our day as well. It might remind us of the argument in Romans 9:18ff and Paul's (really the Holy Spirit's) response, "who are you to judge God?" It reminds us of Adam's excuses in the Garden (Genesis 3:12), it reminds us of the religious leaders in Christ's day, who were looking for glory from men, rather than from God (John 5:44).
We see this tendency in ourselves too. We, like Adam, look to justify ourselves at all costs: even if it means coming up with a reason that it's all really God's fault. We, like Paul's hypothetical objector, feel quite comfortable sitting in judgment of God. We, like the scribes and Pharisees in Christ's day, are a whole lot more concerned with what people think of us than we are with "the glory that comes from God alone."
I am convinced that all spiritual progress comes as we learn to see things as God sees them. God sees that we are guilty and need a savior, but it's only when we come 'round to His way of thinking that we can find salvation. God sees us as having died with Christ, but that doesn't help us all that much until we see it too. I'm sure that's what Paul was getting at in Philippians 3:8ff, "that I may be found in Him." Yes, God sees us always "in Christ," but there are real consequences to seeing ourselves in that same way.
Well, we learn in Philippians 3:9 that a man in Christ is a man with no righteousness of his own. "Not having my righteousness" is a fact that we need to accept. We need to be willing to say, "Christ my only righteousness." As far as I can tell, that's the only remedy for our need to justify ourselves, rather than God.
I can tell you from experience that it's really hard not to try to justify ourselves, even when we're in the wrong. We don't have to put any effort into it: the excuses fly into our minds and off our tongues with no effort at all. We can produce a hundred reasons why our sins are someone else's fault, and we can do it in an instant.
And honestly, we're no better when we really are in the right. This is where the danger really lies.
As far as I can tell, Job really was blameless. His three friends spent several chapters trying to convince him he was in the wrong, but were unable to do so because he wasn't. God didn't strike Job for any sin he had committed: he was "perfect and upright" (Job 1:1).
Job's problem wasn't that he was lying to his friends to justify himself: it was that he justified himself rather than God. Job ought to have been justifying God, but he didn't think of that, because he was so concerned with justifying himself.
If we consider Job 32:2–3 alongside Philippians 3:8–10, we see this contrast. On the one hand, we see an upright man justifying himself and forgetting to justify God. On the other, we see a man who says, "I don't want my own righteousness, only the righteousness God gives on the principle of faith." He's not going to justify himself, because he doesn't want credit for any good he has done. He doesn't want whatever goodness is in him, only the goodness that is in God.
I'm speaking practically here. It is true that all who are justified in God's sight are justified apart from their own works (Romans 3:21–24), on the basis of the death of Christ. But learning to accept that truth is a long and difficult process. We find ourselves justifying ourselves over and over again, instead of just accepting what God has already said.
It's possible for us to fear God and abstain from evil (Job 1:1). It's possible for us to do that and still be in the wrong. It's possible for us to be like the Pharisees: falling short of the kingdom of God while still being more righteous than those who do not. The righteousness of God through faith is for those who say, "Christ my only righteousness."